Protobesh

Protobesh was an ancient alphabet that predated Aurebesh. It could be written horizontally left to right, or vertically top to bottom. Important words were sometimes written inside cartouches.

The Rammahgon, an ancient Jedi book, was written at least partially in Protobesh. Some of the letters inside, written inside a cartouche, spelled out the word "COURAGE".

One dataplaque contained Protobesh symbols allegedly pinpointing the location of the long-lost Queen of Ranroon starship.

A store selling droids at North Stairs Lane on Ferrix carried a large green sign with grey and white lettering, with the top of the sign written in Protobesh, saying "DROID".

By 0 BBY, Protobesh graffiti was written vertically on a wall in Jedha City, which said "FIGHT". In that year, Partisans in the city attacked an Imperial convoy and took a large kyber crystal, which was engraved with the words "TRUST IN THE FORCE" in vertically written Protobesh.

Sometime after Order 66 and before 9 BBY, the name "EKRIA" was carved into the wall of a safehouse used by the Hidden Path on the planet Mapuzo.

Some literal transliterations of Protobesh writing in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker: The Visual Dictionary are contradicted by the official translations given in the book. For instance, on page 53, a note about the Rammahgon refers to a "Protobesh cartouche containing the name 'Exegol'", but the letters inside the cartouche spell out the word "COURAGE".

The large kyber crystal used by the Partisans during the attack on the Imperial convoy in the film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which is engraved with the words "TRUST IN THE FORCE" in Protobesh, is also featured in a photograph in the 2023 reference book Star Wars 100 Objects, although both the crystal and the engraving is upside-down.

• Solo: A Star Wars Story The Official Guide
• Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker: The Visual Dictionary
• Star Wars 100 Objects