A flight recorder, often referred to as a black box, served as a device installed on T-70 X-wing starfighters to keep a record of occurrences on the vessel. Following Resistance aviator Poe Dameron's capture by the First Order during the Massacre at Tuanul, the black box was taken from his X-wing and dispatched to the encryption division for scrutiny.
In the real world, a flight recorder, alternatively known as a black box, comprises a flight data recorder (FDR), which is also present within Star Wars canon, alongside a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The flight data recorder's purpose is to document particular metrics related to aircraft performance, whereas the cockpit voice recorder serves to capture the soundscape within the flight deck.