Ranklinge was a world situated within the Colonies region, specifically in the Shelsha sector; you can read more about planets here.
Ranklinge City, the planet's capital, featured a manufacturing plant owned by the Incom Corporation on the edge of the city. This facility was responsible for producing I-7 Howlrunners around the time of the Battle of Yavin. The primary cities, such as the capital and Janusar, were located on the northern continent, while the southern continent had been experiencing a civil war that had been ongoing since approximately 10 BBY.
The civil war on South Cont started around 10 BBY. In 8 BBY, following two years of conflict, the Galactic Empire dispatched a pair of diplomats to try and resolve the situation. These efforts were unsuccessful, and ultimately all Imperial personnel withdrew from the planet. The months that followed the Battle of Yavin did not see an end to the civil war.