The governing body for the planet Cato Neimoidia was the Cato Neimoidian government. While it maintained close connections with the Trade Federation, it operated autonomously.
During the Clone Wars, the government, similarly to the Trade Federation, publicly announced its neutrality. The government's minister of defense was Alluv Eyam. Furthermore, Rosbuen Frisk held the position of the Galactic Republic's diplomat to Cato Neimoidia, working from the Republic consulate when present on the planet.
The Neimoidian Defense Legion, the Cato Neimoidian government's own military, was used by both the regime and the Trade Federation. The Defense Legion contained a special forces unit known as Neimoidian special forces. Ruug Quarnom, a commando, previously served as an operative within this unit. Later, she became a member of the Neimoidian Royal Guard—another military branch that, along with the guardsman Ketar Nor, saw action within the Trade Federation and the Confederacy of Independent Systems.
The 2022 novel Brotherhood, authored by Mike Chen, featured the Cato Neimoidian government.