Galactic Republic

Around 25,000 BBY, the original Galactic Republic came into existence. It expanded its power across the galaxy, with planets like Alderaan and Chandrila being among its founding members. The Thisspiasian Blood Monarchy joined the Galactic Republic in its early stages around 20,019 BBY. Throughout its long history, the Republic existed in various forms. Historians referred to this pre-modern period as the "Old Republic," even though the government's official name was still the Galactic Republic. The capital of the Old Republic was located on Coruscant, an ecumenopolis, where it would remain for millennia.

Troithe, another [city](/article/city]-covered world, once rivaled Coruscant as the Republic's cosmopolitan center, boasting a population in the billions. A significant portion of these inhabitants belonged to prominent merchant and noble families. However, Coruscant eventually surpassed Troithe in industrial development, leading to Troithe's decline over time. At least five millennia before the Galactic Civil War, a rogue faction of Jedi broke away from the Jedi Order, believing that the dark side of the Force could enhance their power. This division sparked the Hundred-Year Darkness, resulting in the formation of the Sith. They even managed to construct a dark shrine on Coruscant. This rogue faction was defeated and exiled from the Old Republic into uncharted territories.

To contain its dark energy, the Jedi Temple was later built over the Sith shrine. Having established itself on Coruscant, the Jedi Order became closely linked to the Old Republic, serving as guardians of peace and justice for over a thousand generations. Unbeknownst to them, the Sith had regrouped on the planet Moraband.

Before the Imperial Era, the Corellian royalty sponsored exploration and colonization, which aided in expanding the Old Republic's frontiers. Hyperspace travel proved crucial for the Republic's expansion beyond the Core Worlds.

As the Old Republic extended its reach across the stars, it encountered various other powers, including the Zygerrian Slave Empire. The Old Republic, having outlawed slavery and expecting other civilizations to follow suit, adopted an aggressive stance against the Zygerrians. The Zygerrian Empire, built on slavery, refused to comply, prompting intervention from the Old Republic and the Jedi. Together, they sent their armies against the empire. The Old Republic emerged victorious, driving slave trading into the underworld, dismantling the empire, and confining its remnants to Zygerria, their homeworld. Another power was the rogue Predori empire.

Eventually, the Sith returned with renewed strength and invaded the Old Republic, leading to a series of conflicts with the Jedi that lasted for thousands of years, ultimately contributing to the Old Republic's collapse. During one of these wars, the Jedi fought the Sith Empire on Malachor, resulting in one of the most devastating battles in the Order's history.

The Old Republic also encountered the Mandalorian people, a warrior civilization that initiated unprovoked military campaigns against the Republic. As war broke out, the Jedi intervened to defend the Republic. Simultaneously, Republic and Jedi forces continued to battle the expanding Sith Empire. Both sides developed massive superweapons powered by large kyber crystals capable of causing widespread destruction.

The Middle Era of the Old Republic marked a specific period in galactic history. The Galactic Republic also participated in the Sith Wars, a series of conflicts against the Sith Empire involving the Chiss Ascendancy. The Ascendancy encountered various aliens before withdrawing to their borders.

The Jedi Order continued to mobilize its forces to counter enemy incursions into Old Republic territory, particularly from the Sith and the Mandalorians, whose beliefs in constant warfare clashed with the Jedi's mandate to protect the weak.

The Sith Empire's power grew during the fall of the Old Republic, eventually achieving near-dominance across the galaxy. It was also during this period that an ancestor of Pre Vizsla, leader of the Mandalorian group Death Watch during the Clone Wars, managed to steal the Darksaber from the Jedi Temple.

The galaxy entered a period known as the Dark Age, during which the Jedi-Sith War erupted. Early in this conflict, the Sith seized control of Coruscant, the Old Republic's capital, during the Battle of Coruscant. Later, the Jedi drove the Sith off the planet during the Liberation of Coruscant.

After reclaiming its capital, the Old Republic regained some strength and launched offensives. The Jedi were strong enough to finally end their ancient war against the Mandalorian clans. A battle on Mandalore left the planet ravaged and lifeless. Around 1032 BBY, the Sith were finally defeated. The armies of the Old Republic and Jedi Knights defeated the remaining Sith on the planet Ruusan in the Mid Rim Territories, exploiting infighting within the Order, which led to the Sith's downfall. The Sith abandoned their traditional homeworld of Moraband, scarred by numerous wars, and went into hiding. Few Sith remained, and they ultimately destroyed themselves. Only Darth Bane survived, reinventing the Sith by establishing the Rule of Two, limiting their ranks to a Sith Master and a Sith apprentice.

As the Old Republic disintegrated due to continuous wars, the Jedi Order believed they had triumphed over the Sith, whom they thought were completely destroyed. With peace restored, the shattered Old Republic reorganized into the modern Galactic Republic, ushering in over a thousand years of stability, known as the Great Peace. The story of Old Republic Regent Hylemane Lightbringer and his supposed immortality would be remembered in history texts, along with Old Republic music like the Sestina of Imperator Vex, which continued to be sung even in the months following the Battle of Endor.

The modern Galactic Republic was established in 1032 BBY, succeeding the Old Republic. After the reformation, the Zygerrians continued to harbor resentment towards the Republic and the Jedi Order for destroying their slave empire.

The modern Republic was a democratic union comprising multiple star systems across the galaxy. Except for small-scale conflicts handled by the Jedi, the Republic Era was a peaceful and stable period lasting over a millennium. This Republic existed in a demilitarized state, relying on the Jedi Knights to uphold peace and justice.

The Four Sages of Dwartii significantly influenced its early laws. The newly reorganized government established the Galactic Senate as its governing body, with members elected to represent their systems. Coruscant remained the galactic seat of power, as it had been for millennia before the Republic's rebirth.

The head of state, the Supreme Chancellor, was elected from among the senators, with Tarsus Valorum of House Valorum being the first in a long line of Chancellors. The elite Senate Guard protected the new democracy, patrolling the Senate District and symbolizing strength and unity, especially given the military's disbandment. The Jedi Order, noble protectors with Force abilities, served the Republic as guardians of peace and justice. Lacking a standing army, the Republic relied on its peacekeeping Judicial Forces, led by the Judicial Department as the de facto law enforcement branch. The Judicials, trained at the Judicial Academy, served in both ground and space forces, often led by Jedi Commanders to maintain peace.

During the High Republic Era, from around 500 BBY to 100 BBY, the Galactic Republic reached its peak, extending its influence to the farthest regions of the galaxy. The Republic expanded into the Outer Rim, specifically the Galactic Frontier. The Jedi Order became more active in galactic affairs, aiding these efforts. An Office of the Frontier was established. The Republic's expansion initiated the Great Hyperspace Rush to discover and map new hyperspace routes, with Republic Pathfinders working as Outer Rim Exploration Teams. Private groups like the San Tekka clan and Graf family also participated. The San Tekka clan's success was secretly due to Mari San Tekka, a Force-sensitive individual who could locate and map routes.

Besides discovering and charting hyperlanes, Republic Pathfinders were tasked with exploring, helping others, and establishing a communications network across the Outer Rim. Pathfinder teams often collaborated with comms teams to stay connected with the Republic. However, the network had to be established one node at a time. While the Pathfinders knew the effort would eventually result in communications being as fast in the Rim as it was in the Core, Grint Rupar of Outer Rim Expedition Eight-Zero-Seven suspected the work would take generations. Nevertheless, Jedi Porter Engle considered it a noble effort. Jedi Order members worked alongside Pathfinders, aiding the Republic's efforts. One Pathfinder team, while charting hyperlanes near Sullust, discovered the volcanic planet Tunguray and evacuated its people to safety on Coruscant.

Around 382 BBY, the Republic was led by two chancellors, Orlen Mollo and Kyong Greylark. Their joint leadership helped in the Republic's outreach; Greylark remained on Coruscant with the Senate, while Mollo traveled the Outer Rim with his aides and crew aboard the Alif-class Longbeam Paxion, adopting a hands-on approach to governance. Having experienced conflict on Mon Cala, Mollo believed he better understood the Outer Rim but trusted Greylark, who saw the promise in the Outer Rim but not the finer details, due to their shared vision of a united galaxy.

Ambassador ships like the Paxion were equipped with top-of-the-line protocol droids, with the Paxion receiving unit AR-K4. With the Republic aided by the Jedi, the Republic and Togrutas engaged in a conflict in Togruta space that left tensions between both parties. While Greylark believed the star system was not ready for their intervention, Mollo traveled to the planets of Eiram and E'ronoh, which were home to a war he hoped to end. Simultaneously, a team of Jedi—Master Char-Ryl-Roy, Master Creighton Sun, Knight Gella Nattai, and Padawan Enya Keen—traveled into the system aboard the Valiant to aid Eiram, only to collide with the Paxion amid a skirmish orchestrated by the Path of the Open Hand cult under "the Mother." Despite the rocky start, Mollo and the Jedi began the peace process between both worlds' royal families aboard the Paxion, with progress truly starting when E'ronohi princess Xiri A'lbaran proposed to Eirami prince Phan-tu Zenn, setting the stage for a marriage alliance and an unlikely love story.

Meanwhile on Coruscant, Greylark feared Mollo was planning a solo chancellery ahead of the campaign season. Mollo simply wanted to bring peace to the system because of his own past surrounded by war. Greylark trusted Mollo but sent her son Axel Greylark to represent her office and report back. Axel's dealings with the Path of the Open Hand nearly destroyed the peace process after cult leader Elecia Zeveron demanded he bring her a toxin developed on Eiram. Amid the successful Wedding of Phan-tu Zenn and Xiri A'lbaran officiated by Mollo, Axel's desperation to prevent Zeveron from securing the toxin led to him destroying the deflector shields around Eiram's capital of Erasmus. After Axel's arrest, the royals agreeing to destroy the toxin, and the formal beginning of the peace process, Mollo reminded Greylark to trust him, to which Greylark admitted she did and she had simply wanted to trust her son as well.

With the understanding that representatives from Eirami and E'roni would convene on the neutral planet of Jedha to formally establish a treaty, Chancellor Mollo authorized Morton San Tekka to preside over the discussions as an impartial mediator, believing this preferable to dispatching an official representative of the Republic. However, the intervention of Tilson, a member of both the Path and the Graf family, ignited the Battle of Jedha, thereby extinguishing any prospect of a lasting reconciliation between Eiram and E'ronoh. After receiving a communication from Sun concerning the breakdown of the peace talks, a contingent of Jedi, accompanied by a platoon of Republic peacekeeping troops, hastened to Jedha and quelled the conflict. Suspicion rightly fell upon the Path as the instigators of the carnage, but the Mother publicly attributed the blame to rogue acolytes and endeavored to salvage her order's reputation by pledging a minimum of one million Zukkels towards the reconstruction of Jedha City. Although the funds were accepted, the revelation that an organization such as the Path possessed access to such vast resources prompted the Republic to launch a discreet investigation, which swiftly uncovered the Mother's connections to affluent individuals whom she had persuaded to finance her cult.

Following the Jedha conflict, the Path of the Open Hand liberated Axel from incarceration and transported him to their Path compound located on the planet Dalna. There, he was greeted by the Mother, who sought to exploit Axel's relationship with Chancellor Greylark to exert influence over the galaxy. Simultaneously, the Mother plotted to eliminate Mollo in a staged accident during his travels across the Rim. In anticipation of the impending Battle of Dalna, the Mother incited her followers against the Republic, falsely alleging that the Jedi dominated the government and controlled galactic media. After Axel, following the Mother's instructions, sent a message to his mother requesting her presence on Dalna, Greylark concluded that she had a parental obligation to support her son and recognized that her arrival as Chancellor would endanger the galaxy. Consequently, she resigned from her position as Chancellor, leaving Mollo as the Republic's sole leader, much to his surprise.

With the stated aim of investigating the Path, Jedi, supported by the Republic, arrived on Dalna. The Republic sanctioned the action and dispatched guards Priv Ittik and Lu Sweet to assist the Jedi. As the situation escalated into armed conflict, the Jedi received assistance from anti-Path Dalnans, but they also faced the threat of Force-consuming entities known as the Nameless. Ultimately, Greylark arrived on Dalna to aid her son, and the combined military forces of Eiram and E'ronoh arrived with the aim of defeating the Path after its attempts to sow discord between them were exposed. While the reinforcements brought an end to the fighting, the heavy casualties sustained during the battle, which culminated in the Path's self-destruction of its own caverns, led to its commemoration as a massacre known as the Night of Sorrow. Some viewed the massacre as a direct consequence of the Jedi-Republic alliance, yet the Jedi and Republic's triumph in the battle was interpreted as evidence of the strength derived from their collaboration.

Following the battle's conclusion, Axel consented to serve his prison sentence and disclosed his knowledge of the Path's internal operations, despite the fact that the cult's membership had been decimated and scattered across the galaxy. One of its principal leaders, Guide of the Closed Fist Marda Ro, evaded the destruction and embarked on a new quest for vengeance by establishing the Nihil, a plan that was perpetuated by subsequent generations of the Ro family. Jedi Masters Crieghton Sun and Yoda also agreed to suppress all information pertaining to the Nameless until further details could be ascertained. Concurrently, a new treaty was scheduled to be ratified by the now-cooperating populations of Eiram and E'ronoh. Two weeks after the battle, a ceremony commemorating the union of Eiram and E'ronoh and the inauguration of a new hyperlane was conducted on their shared moon by Mollo. At some point, the San Tekka clan lost Mari San Tekka to the Ro family, who exploited her abilities to locate hyperspace Paths for their own retaliatory scheme.

In the year 232 BBY, the Galactic Republic was governed by Supreme Chancellor Lina Soh and Vice Chancellor Larep Reza, a rising figure in the Senate who was widely regarded as Soh's likely successor upon the expiration of her term. To demonstrate solidarity with all species within its boundaries, the government adopted the motto "We are all the Republic." Under Soh's leadership, the Republic also initiated measures to mitigate its tendency towards bureaucratic excess when decisive action was required; although the problem persisted to a lesser degree, the Republic made significant strides in overcoming it. At some juncture, the Republic intervened in the Soikan civil war to definitively resolve the seemingly perpetual conflict.

In parallel with its outreach program, the Republic was experiencing an era characterized by the consideration of all viewpoints, resulting in governance based on consensus and a society marked by culture, inclusivity, ambition, and Soh's numerous Great Works. Among the earliest of these endeavors—which encompassed a wide range of projects from infrastructure development to cultural initiatives—was the Panacea, a Salvation-class Republic medical frigate deployed to provide assistance to citizens in the aftermath of various crises; consequently, the frigate became emblematic of the Republic's commitment to serving its populace. Other planned Great Works included a new accord between the Mon Calamari and Quarren, the Republic Fair, numerous communication relays, the consolidation of knowledge regarding Bacta cultivation, and various technological innovations. Nevertheless, the most ambitious of these undertakings was Starlight Beacon, envisioned as the first in a network of Beacons capable of genuinely extending the Republic's influence beyond the Core.

Starlight Beacon, along with other way stations, was constructed at considerable expense and effort over an extended period, despite numerous obstacles. It was designed to extend the Republic's reach into the uncharted "dark zones" of the Outer Rim Territories because Soh pledged to integrate that region into the Republic's sphere of influence, hoping the government could effectively assist the Outer Rim rather than merely traversing it or using it as a source of revenue. In addition to using its beacon to guide travelers and its relay to amplify local transmissions tenfold, the Beacon served as a Republic embassy within the Galactic Frontier, fulfilling various other functions, including serving as a fortress to deter piracy, a venue for cultural exhibitions, a cutting-edge medical facility, and, in part, a sprawling Jedi temple. The Jedi provided support to the Republic and its projects. The Jedi established outposts on many Outer Rim worlds, ensuring they could explore and protect those who lived without much of a Republic presence.

Despite the challenges of navigating and residing in the Outer Rim, many impoverished settlers migrated to the region, departing the overpopulated Core Worlds and Colonies in pursuit of better lives. These aspirations for improved circumstances were supported by the Republic, which—although imperfect like all governments—fostered the hopes of its citizens, regardless of their magnitude. Furthermore, Soh desired that the people of the Republic recognize their participation in the government, and the Republic initiated the construction of Starlight Beacon to facilitate its expansion into the Outer Rim. The beacon symbolized everything Soh envisioned for the Republic, ensuring its capacity to extend its influence from the Core to become a truly galactic government. Others within the government favored maintaining the status quo, preferring to conserve resources in anticipation of future contingencies, but Soh, having demonstrated the positive outcomes of collective action, persisted in her efforts to extend the Republic's reach into the Rim. Every Senator knew the success of Starlight would bring forth Soh's hopes that future generations could live in prosperity, while its failure would be massive.

Lacking a formal military due to the prevailing peace in the galaxy, the Republic was safeguarded by a small peacekeeping force known as the Republic Defense Coalition, with assistance from the Jedi Order. Despite the extensive collaboration between the Jedi and the Republic during this era, some Jedi questioned whether their close alignment with the government was truly in accordance with the will of the Force. Indeed, Jedi Master Cohmac Vitus believed it was a Republic and Jedi partnership that had led to the massacre on Dalna from over a century prior. The partnership between the two parties would only increase when the Nihil conflict began; the conflict began when starships were abruptly knocked out of hyperspace in a galaxy-wide event known as the Great Hyperspace Disaster caused by the Eye of the Nihil Marchion Ro, a member of the Ro family who had destroyed the transport Legacy Run in hyperspace, which made its remains come out of hyperspace in the Hetzal system, causing a sudden crisis as they rained upon the system. Beyond wanting revenge on the Jedi for secretive, family reasons, Ro had made his move to ensure the Nihil raiders could grow beyond what they were currently. With the Republic expanding into the Outer Rim, he knew they would need to change themselves to survive, launching his plot to ensure he could secure leadership over the raiders.

The RDC deployed the Emissary-class Republic Cruiser Third Horizon to the Hetzal system in response to the Hetzalian government's distress signal. Aboard the ship, Jedi Master Avar Kriss was overseeing the effort, learning through her Force network that some of the fragments raining upon the system contained living beings. She helped lead the effort to rescue the system's refugees and everyone aboard the fragments until she detected a large container of liquid tibanna threatening the system's R-class star. Kriss and the other Jedi used their combined focus to move the container with the Force, while the RDC continued to focus on evacuating the remaining refugees. The Jedi's effort to move the container was broadcast across the Outer Rim and into the inner Republic worlds by technician Keven Tarr; while he had at first only sent the signal to Chancellor Soh, he did not want his star system to be destroyed without being acknowledged, so the people of the Republic watched the Jedi effort. At first, the Force users failed, but their second attempt moved the container, saving Hetzal and resulting in cheers across the Republic.

Although the Republic was able to learn the destruction of the Legacy Run had been the cause of the disaster, the government remained unaware of why it was destroyed, making Soh fear another disaster could happen in hyperspace. Additionally, the Republic was faced with the Emergences; these were when remaining fragments of the Legacy Run, which were all continuing to travel throughout hyperspace, exited in an Outer Rim system, resulting in pieces raining down and destroying whatever they hit. The First Emergence was at the Ab Dalis system, which was further along the same hyperspace route the Run had been traveling on, and these Emergences continued to spread. Thus, Soh feared the Republic could have to cease hyperspace travel, which would separate worlds and effectively end the galactic government. Additionally, the Nihil took advantage of the First Emergence, launching a raid on a convoy of ships carrying refugees. Nevertheless, because he had caused it, only Ro understood that they were directly responsible for the Great Disaster and its aftershocks.

Although it was a larger mobilization effort than anything done for sometime, Soh established an RDC blockade of various Outer Rim hyperspace routes, intending to protect starships from being destroyed in hyperspace by stopping that travel altogether. The blockade would ultimately be forced to grow as more systems were effected by the Emergences. As predicted by Senator Izzet Noor, who served as the spokesperson in the Senate for the majority of the Outer Rim, the blockade brought strife, as many Rim worlds were not self-sufficient and depended on hyperspace for trade. During a meeting on Coruscant fifteen Emergences into the crisis, Soh had pledged to send supply ships into hyperspace if a food crisis grew too dire, although the halting of the trade still had major negative effects for the Rim. During that same meeting, she established that the hyperlanes would remain closed, minus limited transport of essential goods, until they knew more about the crisis before noting she was unwilling to postpone the dedication of the Starlight Beacon; it was nearly finished, and she wanted to use the event to showcase a triumph over adversity.

Survivors of the first Emergence and Great Hyperspace Disaster were taken to the yet-to-officially open Starlight for medical treatment. With Starlight due to open in thirty days, Soh gave that as the timeline to solve the Emergence crisis; she did not want to open the way station while the blockade was still ongoing, knowing it would appear as if the Republic could not protect its own people. Due to the blockade, the Nihil's craft became the only ships traveling at lightspeed, making Ro suggest they slow down operations—stating they could attract the attention of the Jedi or RDC—while also sowing the seeds for his takeover, approving the raid on Elphrona to ensure a Jedi would be captured. Meanwhile with the Republic, technician Tarr, having tracked the previous Emergences to form a pattern, began to construct a system of thousands of navigation droids, hoping it could be used to predict where future Emergences would be and find the Legacy Run's black box. Assigned to learn more about the Emergences, Jedi Avar Kriss and Elzar Mann were also directed to meet with the San Tekka Clan on Naboo by Noor, yet Patriarchs Vellis and Marlowe San Tekka did not disclose any information about Mari, despite realizing her abilities could have caused the crisis and giving the Republic effort other aid.

The Republic rescue fleet was dispatched to the planet Trymant IV in the wake of an Emergence and Nihil attack. The Republic effectively assumed the Nihil were destroyed in the Battle of Kur, but the marauders survived and began to launch their raids on a galaxy-wide scale, instead of remaining in the Outer Rim. The Nihil attack on Valo was a major blow to the Republic, although it did give a chance for the Republic and Torgrutas to heal their relations. In the aftermath of the Battle of Grizal, Republic forces rallied under Jedi Master Emerick Caphtor to clear out a Nihil base on Vrant Tarnum. Following the end of the Drengir crisis, the Republic and Jedi were able to focus their efforts on defeating the Nihil through Operation: Counterstrike, in which the Republic and Jedi moved to wipe out all known Nihil bases. However, the conflict also resulted in the Republic and Jedi growing closer together, with Chancellor Soh and her aides coming to insert themselves into even the Jedi Council's normally private meetings. In secret, the Nihil had also infiltrated the Galactic Senate via Senator Ghirra Starros and Jeni Wataro, aide to Senator Noor. In 200 BBY, Jedi Padawan Sean remembered that the Nihil had launched an invasion of the Republic.

For ages, the Galactic Republic expanded its influence not through military conquest, but by subtly and powerfully attracting neighboring systems. The prospect of engaging in commerce with established Core World markets held considerable allure for numerous systems, gradually drawing non-member worlds into closer collaboration with the governing body. Nevertheless, the Republic proceeded cautiously in admitting new systems into its ranks, as the inclusion of additional territories diminished the political influence wielded by incumbent senators. New member states invariably aligned themselves with regional galactic power blocs, while the senators who sponsored these invitations typically represented systems within the Core. Consequently, the Galactic Center served as the Republic's economic and political nucleus, habitually drawing wealth and influence from the surrounding regions, with most senators expressing reservations about extending services and protection to peripheral worlds. As a result, many valuable star systems were left waiting—some for centuries—for the political establishment to grant their world membership in the Congress, even though it came at the cost of the body's overall power.

As time passed, the Republic remained steadfast, steadily increasing its power. Consequently, the galaxy remained free from large-scale warfare for centuries. However, many of the bureaucrats and senators entrusted with governing the Republic increasingly prioritized their personal enrichment over the collective welfare. Greed, corruption, and internal discord gradually eroded the government from within. The Core, revitalized from past destructive conflicts and driven by an insatiable demand for new resources, embarked on an aggressive colonization program, exploring, mapping, and settling previously untouched planets within the Outer Systems, either negotiating with or simply overpowering the indigenous populations that stood in their way. Adventurous pioneers were granted permission by Coruscant to establish settlements in new territories and establish trading colonies to supply the Core with the goods and raw materials necessary for its continuous self-enrichment. Many newly established systems, lacking the financial resources to extract, process, and transport their products to market, were compelled to secure high-interest loans from the InterGalactic Banking Clan, often finding themselves reduced to client worlds of the Muun bankers due to their inability to repay their debts. As time progressed, the laborious process of astrogation using hyperwave beacons—which necessitated frequent returns to realspace—was simplified by the establishment of new hyperlanes, such as the Hydian Way. Numerous systems, eager to capitalize on the opportunities afforded by charting hyperlanes through their territory, sought to influence the Republic Senate to ensure their inclusion on the galactic map.

From a cultural standpoint, Coruscanti fashion, art, drama, and literature garnered receptive audiences throughout the galaxy. In an effort to impress visitors from the Core, many worlds sought to construct lavish mansions that emulated the architectural style prevalent in the Inner Core. Despite these efforts, many Coruscanti viewed these imitations with disdain, regarding them as nothing more than gaudy impersonations. To them, the inhabitants of the galaxy's fringes appeared uncivilized, with most worlds still lacking effective weather control or grappling with geological instability and food shortages. Furthermore, many outlying worlds, lacking the protection of a federal military, found themselves continually harassed by pirates and criminal organizations, further reinforcing the long-held perception that those from the galaxy's peripheral settlements lacked cultural refinement and basic civility.

Over the centuries, a deep-seated animosity and distrust developed between the galaxy's outer regions and the cosmopolitan Core, with those in the hinterlands increasingly perceiving themselves as victims of social and economic injustices. As a consequence of the perceived inability of the Judicial Forces to adequately protect outlying territories, who were often withheld in intervening after many far-flung worlds refused to provide the Core Worlds with profitable deals, the Outer Rim world of Eriadu—one of the most politically, culturally, and economically advanced worlds—established the Outland Regions Security Force to safeguard the Seswenna sector. Composed of a diverse array of ships, it was primarily funded by off-world loans and equipped with laser and ion cannons acquired from arms merchants who had long disregarded a Republic prohibition on the sale of weaponry to member worlds. While the Outland Regions Security Force initially encountered limited success, it soon gained recognition for its effectiveness in combating raiders, particularly after Wilhuff Tarkin joined Outland's anti-piracy task force, where he became renowned for his ability to outwit and outmaneuver his adversaries.

A faction known as the Militarists emerged within the Senate, advocating for the establishment of a formal Republic Military. Despite Outland's best efforts, the Outer Rim Territories continued to fall prey to increasing corporate influence from the Core, with the monolithic Trade Federation expanding its reach a year before the Invasion of Naboo in both the Outer Rim and the Galactic Senate by exploiting loopholes in existing free-trade legislation. Shortly before the Invasion of Naboo, a trade summit was convened on the Outer Rim planet of Eriadu, during which Supreme Chancellor Finis Valorum was rebuffed by Wilhuff Tarkin, who sought to diminish the influence of the Chancellor, whom some already expected to lose the next election in order to support Senator Sheev Palpatine, who had earlier helped Tarkin gain entrance into the Judicial Academy and supported his ascension as Governor of Eriadu.

Despite the best intentions of Chancellor Valorum, the Trade Federation established a blockade of Naboo due to disagreements concerning the exportation of plasma. A Judicial delegation transported Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and his Padawan, Obi-Wan Kenobi, to the Saak'ak, a Trade Federation Lucrehulk-class LH-3210 cargo freighter, so they could engage in discussions aimed at peacefully resolving the ongoing dispute. Darth Sidious, the Dark Lord of the Sith, instructed Viceroy Nute Gunray to commence the invasion of Naboo earlier than planned, and to eliminate the Chancellor's Jedi ambassadors. Theed, Naboo's capital, was quickly seized by the Trade Federation Droid Army. The Jedi, having survived the Federation's assassination attempts, escaped to Naboo, where they successfully rescued Queen Padmé Amidala and her retinue.

Amidala embarked on a voyage to Coruscant with the purpose of appealing to the Senate regarding the situation on her homeworld; however, the damage sustained by the Naboo Royal Starship's T-14 hyperdrive generator necessitated a detour to the remote planet of Tatooine for the purpose of carrying out repairs. Acting upon Gunray's report, Sidious commanded his Sith apprentice, Darth Maul, to locate and recapture the queen, as she alone possessed the authority to sign a treaty that would legitimize the Federation's occupation of Naboo. Despite Maul's success in tracking them to Tatooine, he was unable to prevent the Jedi from escaping with Amidala aboard her repaired starship. Furthermore, Jinn assumed guardianship of a freed slave child, Anakin Skywalker, whom he recognized as possessing an exceptional connection to the Force. Convinced that he had discovered the prophesied Chosen One, Jinn transported Skywalker to Coruscant to commence his Jedi training.

Upon her arrival in the capital, Amidala was greeted by Senator Palpatine and Chancellor Valorum. While Valorum assured her of the Senate's concern regarding the situation, Palpatine cautioned her that neither the Senate nor the Chancellor were likely to intervene unless a change in leadership occurred. As Naboo's representative in the galactic Senate, Palpatine served as Amidala's advisor and confidant. He conveyed to her that the Senate was rife with corruption, and the Chancellor was merely a symbolic figurehead controlled by bureaucrats. When the Trade Federation's delegates compelled Valorum to adhere to bureaucratic procedures, Amidala responded by calling for a Vote of No Confidence in him, acting on Palpatine's counsel despite her initial hesitation to denounce a staunch supporter of her world.

Holding the belief that the Republic had strayed from its founding principles, Amidala made the decision to return to her planet with the intention of liberating the people of Naboo without seeking intervention from the Senate. Prior to her departure from Coruscant, Palpatine informed her of his nomination as Valorum's successor. His rivals included Senator Bail Antilles of Alderaan and Senator Ainlee Teem of Malastare; however, Palpatine assured Amidala that he would secure victory in the election due to the widespread sympathy for Naboo's predicament. He pledged to dedicate his term to eradicating corruption, and Amidala implored him to restore compassion within the Senate.

Unable to rely on assistance from the Republic, Amidala turned to the Gungan population of Naboo. Despite the animosity between their segregated societies, the shared occupation of their homeworld enabled Amidala to mend their relationship through diplomatic efforts. The Gungan Grand Army confronted the Trade Federation's battle droids, while the Naboo Royal Space Fighter Corps launched an assault on the Saak'ak, which was positioned in orbit. The Gungans were compelled to surrender following the collapse of their defenses, and numerous Naboo Fighter Pilots perished in the space battle. However, Amidala's team infiltrated the Theed Royal Palace, where they successfully captured Gunray, and with the destruction of the Saak'ak by Skywalker, the droids were deactivated. In the aftermath of the Battle of Naboo, Gunray was taken into Republic custody, and the newly elected Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine arrived in Theed, where he and the queen exchanged congratulations on their recent successes. The new Chancellor expressed his commitment to collaborating with the queen in order to bring peace and prosperity to the Republic.

In the wake of the Naboo Crisis, the Trade Federation's control over the Outer Rim was dismantled, and Supreme Chancellor Finis Valorum's political standing suffered as a result of the crisis, as well as other scandals. Subsequently, Palpatine assumed the position of Supreme Chancellor, cultivating an image of himself as a humble servant of the common good, despite his true intentions. However, escalating tensions between the Core and Outer Rim worlds gradually intensified to the point where many individuals believed that war was imminent. Anticipating this conflict years prior to the Invasion of Naboo, Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas advocated for the creation of a new Republic army, only to be met with rejection from the Jedi High Council, who deemed his ideas excessively radical. Undeterred, Sifo-Dyas contacted the Kaminoans, renowned for their clone production facilities, and secretly commissioned them to create a clone army, falsely representing himself as an agent of the Galactic Senate. Unbeknownst to Sifo-Dyas, Darth Sidious had previously contacted Prime Minister Lama Su and persuaded him to implant a behavioral modification biochip into the clones during their third stage of development, with the intention of turning them against the Jedi upon receiving a specific command.

The skilled duelist and politically idealistic Jedi Master Count Dooku, who had taken an eight-year leave from the Jedi Order and was now secretly Darth Sidious' apprentice, known as Darth Tyranus, hired the Pyke Syndicate to assassinate Sifo-Dyas over the planet Oba Diah. Sifo-Dyas was originally en route to the planet to mediate a dispute that threatened to escalate into a full-scale gang war on Coruscant, but his shuttle was abruptly shot down over Felucia, and he was suddenly reassigned there. Dooku brought his body to Felucia, where tribal inhabitants cremated it, and successfully deceived the Jedi Council into believing that Sifo-Dyas had been killed by the Felucians, while simultaneously erasing the existence of Kamino from the Jedi Archives.

In the decade following the Invasion of Naboo, Count Dooku's whereabouts remained largely unknown, with many assuming that he merely desired to establish a splinter group of the Jedi Order. In reality, Dooku manipulated galactic events to instigate political unrest on various worlds, including Kashyyyk, Sullust, and Onderon. In an effort to create a southern Separatist sphere of influence by enlisting Yag'Dhul and Sluis Van to his cause, Dooku sought to persuade the now-prosperous world of Eriadu to join the Separatists. However, Wilhuff Tarkin was pressured to declare his allegiance, particularly after Dooku commandeered a HoloNet station in the Raxus system and denounced the Galactic Republic, effectively setting the stage for the Separatist Crisis. Ultimately, Tarkin sided with the Galactic Republic, firmly believing that an inefficient yet unified galaxy was preferable to a fragmented one.

Chancellor Palpatine's negotiations with the Separatists proved unsuccessful, prompting the Galactic Senate to consider the Military Creation Act. Senator Amidala spearheaded the opposition against the bill, believing that it would inevitably lead to war between the Republic and the Separatists. Following an assassination attempt on Amidala's life, the chancellor instructed her to return to Naboo while the Jedi investigated the plot against her. Junior Representative Jar Jar Binks assumed her responsibilities on Coruscant during Amidala's absence. The Jedi's subsequent discovery of two secret armies, the clones and the battle droids, influenced the Senate's subsequent actions. The Loyalists concurred that the Republic required the clone army; however, they felt that the Senate would fail to pass the Military Creation Act before the Separatists launched an attack on the Republic with their droid forces. When Vice Chair Mas Amedda suggested that they resolve the crisis by bestowing emergency powers upon Chancellor Palpatine, Representative Binks proposed this course of action to the Senate, who subsequently passed his bill, thereby enabling Palpatine to officially recognize the clone army as the Grand Army of the Republic. Palpatine, a self-proclaimed proponent of democracy and a Republic patriot, assured the senators that he intended to relinquish the powers they had granted him once the crisis had subsided.

The Clone Wars commenced with the First Battle of Geonosis. Supported by the Republic Navy, the Grand Army of the Republic engaged the Separatist Droid Army on the open battlefield. The Jedi also participated in the battle, serving as de facto generals for the clone troopers. Meanwhile, Poggle the Lesser's schematics for the Ultimate Weapon were transferred to Dooku, who escaped the battle after dueling Skywalker, Kenobi, and Grand Master Yoda. Simultaneously, the various members of the newly formed Confederacy of Independent Systems evacuated the planet as Republic clone troopers gradually forced the droid army into full retreat. The battle was hailed as a Republic victory, although Yoda held the opposing view, recognizing that war would spread throughout the galaxy. Count Dooku traveled to an industrial sector on Coruscant to inform his master that the war had commenced as planned, while the Jedi High Council contemplated Dooku's warning that the Dark Lord of the Sith controlled the Senate.

In the aftermath of the Battle of Geonosis, the devastating three-year conflict that plunged the galaxy into chaos officially began. Despite harboring suspicions regarding Dooku's claim that the Senate was under the Sith's influence, the Jedi continued to serve the Republic. The military rank of Jedi General was established, enabling the Jedi to lead the Grand Army of the Republic in an official capacity. Early in the war, Sidious became aware of a splinter faction within the Trade Federation, led by the Neimoidian Oje N'deeb, who sought to usurp Gunray and provide the Outer Rim with an opportunity for a new future. Initially outraged and contemplating the immediate suppression of the rebellion to ensure that the Federation and its legacy remained true to his plans, Sidious swiftly recognized that he could exploit the upstart to his advantage. By manipulating N'deeb's operation to serve his own ends, the Outer Rim would be strengthened by N'deeb's faction, thereby prolonging the war. Furthermore, Sidious understood that crushing the "chance" N'deeb offered the Rim would only exacerbate the bitterness of its people towards the Republic.

The worlds caught in the midst of the conflict were compelled to choose sides between the Galactic Republic and its clone army, or the ever-expanding Confederacy of Independent Systems and its droid army. As the war progressed, numerous diplomatic envoys engaged in various attempts to sway local worlds to join the Galactic Republic, with Jedi Master Yoda seeking to secure the support of the Toydarian King Katuunko, while Sith assassin Asajj Ventress sought to disrupt the meeting and instead persuade the king to join the Confederacy. The Republic also provided military aid and support to factions in need, such as Cham Syndulla's Twi'lek Resistance on Ryloth, or the Dugs of Malastare, whose lucrative fuel reserves were a valuable asset to the Republic Navy. Numerous worlds, such as Mandalore, also attempted to maintain their neutrality, although they were often compelled to seek assistance from third parties in times of need.

Throughout the Clone Wars, numerous attempts were made on Supreme Chancellor Palpatine's life, including a kidnapping attempt on Naboo orchestrated by Count Dooku, as well as the hostage-taking of members of the Galactic Senate by the notorious bounty hunter Cad Bane. However, political intrigue fueled not only the conflict but also advancements in weaponry and the development of equipment to enhance existing armed forces. Separatist scientist Nuvo Vindi launched attempts to create biological weapons, seeking to recreate the ancient Blue Shadow Virus, capable of causing millions of deaths across the galaxy, while the Republic developed the experimental electro-proton bomb, which could emit an electrical pulse upon detonation, capable of deactivating an entire droid army.

Following the Battle of Malastare, the Republic also attempted to create an impenetrable armor by unlocking the biological secrets of the Zillo Beast, an ancient creature from the Mid Rim, only to have the attempt end in failure, resulting in the beast going on a rampage across Coruscant. After its death at the hands of a Jedi task force, the beast was secretly cloned under the orders of the Supreme Chancellor himself. In the meantime, the Republic developed a stealth ship capable of cloaking itself, as well as upgrading its standard Phase I clone trooper armor to the more sophisticated Phase II clone trooper armor prior to the Battle of Mon Cala.

The Republic adopted the clone army to defeat the Separatists, but the clone troopers were also at the disposal of the Senate. The Coruscant Guard was formed by clone shock troopers stationed on the Republic capital; senatorial delegates were accompanied by clone bodyguards; and the clones became involved in the Republic's internal disputes by acting as enforcers of the Senate. The Senate Guard still accompanied dignitaries on off-world missions, but as the war continued, the Coruscant Guard became increasingly responsible for the security of the Supreme Chancellor and the delegates of the Senate.

On one occasion, the Republic deployed a Jedi-led force of clone troopers to Orto Plutonia at the behest of one of its members, the Pantoran Assembly. The government of Pantora claimed sovereignty over the planet, which resulted in open conflict between the Pantorans and the native Talz. Although the clones served under the Jedi, they were also beholden to the authority of the Pantoran leader, Chairman Chi Cho, and the Pantoran senator Riyo Chuchi.

Throughout the Clone Wars, the Grand Army of the Republic was commanded by Jedi Generals. While the Jedi and the troops under their command performed many heroic deeds, inspiring the public with tales of bravery, war weariness only continued to grow as the years passed. The Republic citizenry came to believe that the Jedi had abandoned their role as peacekeepers, and as a result, they staged massive protests outside of the Jedi Temple. Despite their diminishing influence in the galaxy, the Jedi continued to lead the Republic's forces, but they sustained numerous casualties in the process. Their involvement in the conflict was opposed not only by civilians but also by Republic officer Wilhuff Tarkin, who sought to revoke the Order's military authority, convinced that the Jedi Code was a hindrance to the Republic's war effort.

Padawan Barriss Offee also disagreed with the Order's participation in the Clone Wars and orchestrated a bombing in the Jedi Temple as a form of protest, while simultaneously framing Ahsoka Tano for committing the act before being captured herself. The Separatist Shadowfeed operation, an attempt by Count Dooku to disseminate information regarding Republic defeats, making it appear as though a Separatist victory was inevitable, fueled public anxiety and consequently accelerated the militarization of the Republic over the course of the war.

The war also provided Sheev Palpatine with a means to amass greater emergency powers, solidifying his position as Supreme Chancellor for a period longer than technically permitted, while continuing to centralize political and military authority within the Office of the Chancellor, which included placing the InterGalactic Banking Clan under the Chancellor's oversight. By acquiring wartime powers, Chancellor Palpatine effectively became a dictator.

Palpatine utilized the war as justification for amending the Galactic Constitution multiple times, enshrining greater power in his office through his alterations. He became the most powerful chancellor since before the Ruusan Reformations. Under the Reflex Amendment, he secured near-total control over the military. The Sector Governance Decree, enacted towards the end of the war, granted governors dispatched by Palpatine authority over neighboring star systems, all in the name of the war effort.

After nearly three years of continuous warfare, the war reached its culmination during the Battle of Coruscant, where both factions engaged in a massive naval and ground battle over the Republic's capital world. The confrontation ultimately resulted in the Republic inflicting a severe blow upon the Confederacy, with the loss of a portion of its fleet, as well as its head of state, Count Dooku, at the hands of Anakin Skywalker. Shortly thereafter, General Grievous met his demise at the hands of Obi-Wan Kenobi during the Battle of Utapau. However, even as the Republic pressed on with the Outer Rim Sieges, determined to bring an end to the civil war, the Jedi High Council had grown increasingly wary of Palpatine.

Throughout the Clone Wars, the Chancellor's wartime authority reached unprecedented levels at the expense of the Senate, some of whom also grew concerned about the future of the Republic. Consequently, members of the Council and the Senate began to explore their options for preserving democracy. The Delegation of 2,000 emerged and sought to petition the Chancellor to relinquish his emergency powers, while the Council contemplated the possibility of removing him by force and seizing control of the Senate in order to ensure a peaceful transition of power.

Ultimately, the Chancellor's deceit was confirmed when Skywalker discovered the reality: Sheev Palpatine and Darth Sidious, the Sith architect of the Clone Wars, were the same individual. Upon realizing the Chancellor had misled them, the Jedi Council sought to apprehend the Sith Lord before his schemes materialized, which triggered a lightsaber battle where Sidious eliminated Agen Kolar, Saesee Tiin, and Kit Fisto prior to Mace Windu disarming him. Considering the Chancellor's dominance over the Senate and legal system, Windu decided Sidious was too dangerous to remain alive. Yet, Skywalker, despite having carried out an execution himself, contended that such an act contradicted Jedi principles, although his affection for Amidala also played a role at this crucial juncture, believing Sidious could save her.

In a desperate act, Skywalker deprived Windu of his weapon, enabling Sidious to slay the Jedi Order's champion with a surge of Force lightning. Having embraced the dark side, the disgraced Jedi Knight transformed into Darth Vader and subsequently spearheaded the assault on the Jedi Temple, while Sidious issued Order 66 to the Grand Army. This command resulted in clone soldiers being brainwashed into betraying and assassinating their Jedi commanders across the galaxy. The implementation of Order 66 signaled the point of no return for the Republic's demise, although Maul asserted that the Republic had already fallen and the Jedi simply hadn't recognized it.

At the Chancellor's request, the Senate convened an emergency meeting. Sidious publicly condemned the Jedi Order, accusing them of plotting his assassination to seize control of the Senate and, by extension, the Republic. Simultaneously, Vader embarked on a mission to Mustafar, where he personally eliminated the Separatist Council at the command of Sidious, who betrayed and no longer required their services. With the Great Jedi Purge underway and the Separatists eliminated, Sidious announced himself as Galactic Emperor. The Galactic Republic was officially replaced by the Galactic Empire, and democracy was superseded by the fascist New Order. While numerous senators celebrated the Empire's inception, Amidala and Organa silently mourned the Republic's downfall. Vader deactivated the droid army soon after killing the Separatist leaders on Mustafar. The Clone Wars concluded, marking the beginning of the Imperial Era.

In the years following the Galactic Republic's collapse, many individuals still cherished the memory of the former Republic and its legendary Jedi protectors. Moreover, many who knew the Jedi personally refused to accept the Emperor's version of a "Jedi Rebellion." The Jedi Order that had served the Republic would continue its legacy and endure during the Great Jedi Purge. Having been freed from his control chip by former Jedi Ahsoka Tano during the skirmish aboard the Venator-class Star Destroyer Tribunal, the former Clone Captain Rex committed to fighting against the Empire in the name of the Republic, even telling former Clone Sergeant Hunter that they were living proof that the Republic lived on, and his clone siblings.

However, the majority of galactic inhabitants eventually embraced and actively supported the pro-Imperial viewpoint, believing the Republic had become feeble and corrupt, thus necessitating Palpatine's rise to power. To eradicate the memory of the previous government, any visible reminder of the Old Republic was swiftly eliminated, with numerous organizational changes altering the names of various locations and institutions, while architecture adopted a harsher and darker style. With the renowned Galactic Senate being renamed the Imperial Senate and the Senate Plaza renamed Imperial Plaza and a giant statue of the Emperor erected in it, one could almost forget the Republic even existed.

Yet, the memory of the Republic as a force for freedom and justice could never be completely extinguished as long as those who still believed in it remained alive, thereby sparking numerous resistance movements throughout the Empire's reign, such as the Free Ryloth Movement and Berch Teller's rebel cell. These displays of resistance eventually merged into the Alliance to Restore the Republic prior to the Battle of Yavin, where the Death Star was destroyed. Subsequent battles included the Battle of Endor, which witnessed the destruction of the second Death Star and the deaths of Sidious and Vader, the latter finding redemption as Anakin Skywalker. Following their victory at Endor, the Alliance declared itself the New Republic as an homage to the Old Republic.

However, the New Republic rejected certain aspects of the Old Republic, particularly the legacy of its final years under Sheev Palpatine's chancellorship. The word "Supreme" was dropped from the title of Chancellor; Coruscant lost its traditional role as the galactic capital, allowing other worlds to host the restored Galactic Senate on a rotating basis; and the Military Disarmament Act reduced the New Republic Defense Force in the aftermath of the Galactic Civil War. While these efforts succeeded in persuading former Separatist worlds to support the New Republic, they also led to political division within the Senate, where Populists championed the sovereignty of member worlds, while Centrists advocated for increased central government power and military spending. Ultimately, the Centrist worlds seceded from the New Republic and joined the First Order, a successor to the Galactic Empire, resulting in the Cold War between the two galactic powers.

The tale of Old Republic Regent Hylemane Lightbringer and his supposed immortality would be preserved in history books, alongside Old Republic music such as the Sestina of Imperator Vex, which continued to be sung even in the months following the Battle of Endor.

Celebrated as one of the galaxy's greatest political achievements, the Galactic Republic was described by the historian Janyor as "the Republic of legend, exceeding distance or time." Although earlier iterations existed in the distant past, collectively known as the "Old Republic," posterity credited the modern Republic with rescuing the galaxy from an age of darkness and, with the assistance of the Jedi Order, establishing an era of peace that lasted for a millennium until the outbreak of the Clone Wars. Historians romanticized the Age of the Republic, referring to it as the "last era of peace"—despite isolated conflicts, which were notably infrequent and swiftly resolved by Jedi mediators—before the emergence of colossal warships and planet-destroying superweapons.

However, the Republic's final years were remembered with less affection. Historians viewed the people of that era as a generation characterized by apathy and complacency, where galactic senators prioritized power and luxury over representing their constituents or addressing the perceived inefficiencies of the government. The civilian population was also considered a contributing factor to the Republic's demise, with Core Worlders displaying greater interest in podracing events in the remote Outer Rim Territories than in the political issues that fueled dissatisfaction and escalated into the Separatist Crisis. Ultimately, historians criticized this generation, holding it accountable for the collapse of the "comfortable civilization" that defined the modern Galactic Republic.

The Galactic Republic's institutions comprised the Office of the Chancellor, the Galactic Senate, and the Judicial Department. Executive authority was vested in the Supreme Chancellor, although this office was largely ineffective and hindered by bureaucratic procedures, particularly during Finis Valorum's chancellorship. Nevertheless, the Chancellor possessed the power to issue executive orders, summoning the Senate to emergency sessions or dispatching senators away from Coruscant for security reasons.

Sheev Palpatine's chancellorship shifted the balance of power in favor of the Chancellor's office, a consequence of the wartime powers granted to the leader by the Senate on the eve of the Clone Wars. As the conflict spread throughout the galaxy, Palpatine's chancellorship gradually evolved into a dictatorship, controlling both the Senate and the Republic courts. Near the war's conclusion, Palpatine appointed Anakin Skywalker as his personal representative on the Jedi High Council, an action the Jedi deemed an overreaching exercise of the Chancellor's authority. By that point, Palpatine had managed to remain in power by exceeding the term limits of his office, an action supported by the Senate.

Before Palpatine's ascent to power, the Galactic Senate served as the Republic's legislative body. Numerous member worlds across the galaxy were represented in the Senate, which was based on Coruscant, the Republic's capital. At its peak, the Senate's power surpassed that of the Supreme Chancellor, but it had also become stagnant due to rampant corruption and layers of bureaucracy. As more politicians became enamored with the comforts of their office, prioritizing power and wealth over their constituents' needs, ordinary citizens questioned whether the Republic and its high taxes were worth the membership. The Jedi had also grown wary of senators, viewing their motives with skepticism, despite the Order's allegiance to the Senate as a whole.

Hampered by political infighting and a strict adherence to protocol, the Senate failed to deliver swift resolutions to either the Invasion of Naboo or the Separatist Crisis. Instead of pursuing a diplomatic solution, the Senate rallied under Chancellor Palpatine's leadership. However, the decision to grant him emergency powers eroded their authority, allowing Palpatine to accumulate even more power at the Senate's expense. During the Clone Wars, the Senate was divided between supporters of the war effort and pacifists who sought a peaceful end to the conflict.

The Judicial Department served as an umbrella organization overseeing the Republic courts, including the Supreme Court, the highest court of law in the Republic. Its authority also extended to the Judicial Forces and the Republic Office of Criminal Investigations. However, like its legislative counterpart, the courts were plagued by a stagnant bureaucracy and were known to be even more indecisive than the Senate. Despite Nute Gunray's arrest, multiple trials in the Supreme Court failed to remove him as leader of the Trade Federation, much to the dismay of the Naboo government.

Propaganda in the Galactic Republic had long been used to sway public opinion in favor of Republic policies, from expanding into the Outer Rim Territories to waging a pan-galactic war against the Separatists. One such propaganda tool was the Commission for the Protection of the Republic (COMPOR). Established in the early stages of the Clone Wars, COMPOR functioned as a pro-Republic populist movement. As such, the organization's mission was twofold: to promote patriotism within the Republic and to brand the Separatists as traitors. This goal was achieved through the artwork of Donclode Onstruss, Hamma Elad, and other artists associated with COMPOR.

Throughout the conflict, COMPOR propagandists sought to sustain the war effort by maintaining public support for the Republic's military forces and their commander-in-chief, namely the clone army and Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine. Following an initial attempt to utilize the Jedi Order as a propaganda tool, COMPOR increasingly focused on the Grand Army of the Republic, portraying clone troopers as a symbol of unity that citizens were encouraged to support. Regarding the Separatists, COMPOR depicted their leaders as icons of "evil," particularly General Grievous and Count Dooku. By exploiting loyalty to the Republic and fear of the Separatists, COMPOR lobbied the Galactic Senate to grant more emergency powers to Chancellor Palpatine, whom they supported as a wartime leader.

The Galactic Republic also established the Apprentice Legislature, also known as the Junior Senate, for politically inclined youth aspiring to a future career in politics. The Apprentice Legislature were tasked with addressing several real issues, albeit minor ones that did not involve security concerns. Padmé Amidala, the last Republic senator of Naboo, was an Apprentice Legislator at the age of eight. The Apprentice Legislature would also continue to exist under the Republic's successor, the Galactic Empire, although by 3 BBY only forty worlds still sent representatives to the Legislature.

Every political entity within the Galactic Republic possessed full sovereignty, thereby sharing in the rights and responsibilities that came with being part of the Republic. Corporations and guilds were also permitted to join the Republic, each sending democratically elected representatives from their governments or trade organizations across the galaxy to the Galactic Senate.

A series of treaties among various entities governed the existence of the Republic Defense Coalition during the High Republic Era. These treaties included defense provisions that required Republic members, such as Chandrila and Alderaan, to loan military assets like starships and personnel for as long as needed, after which they were returned to their homeworlds.

As a consequence of the Military Creation Act, the Corellia system, one of the founding systems of the Galactic Republic, was able to close its borders without withdrawing from the Republic during the Separatist Crisis.

The Senate refrained from intervening in the Open-Closed war on Carnelion IV because the planet was not part of the Galactic Republic. Carnelion IV did not join the Republic because the Senate had limited economic interests in the planet. The Republic's diplomatic fleet subsequently enforced a ceasefire to the Open-Closed war after Kenobi claimed that the planet had high concentrations of tibanna gas in its atmosphere in order to bring an end to the long-running conflict.

During the Clone Wars, the Republic tolerated the political stance of neutral governments, including the New Mandalorians. Their leader, Duchess Satine Kryze, was a staunch pacifist who sought to keep her homeworld and its allies out of the conflict through her role as head of the Council of Neutral Systems. The Republic and Mandalore coexisted through treaties over a century old by the time of the Clone Wars, though by then the Senate sanctioned a plan to invade the planet Mandalore, having grown to believe that Kryze's pacifist government could not protect the Mandalorian people from the Death Watch movement. However, the invasion was called off due to evidence that the Senate's pretext for war—the testimony of Deputy Minister Jerec—had been falsified.

Mandalore served as the site of attempted peace talks between the Galactic Republic and the Confederacy of Independent Systems, with Duchess Satine overseeing the conference. Both governments dispatched their delegates to the neutral world, along with Republic Senate Commandos and Separatist BX-series droid commandos. However, negotiations collapsed, allowing the war to continue uninterrupted.

During the war, although Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine asserted that the Republic was willing to assist neutral star systems during times of crisis, the Senate and the Republic as a whole almost always declined aid, particularly military aid, to neutral governments as a matter of policy. If a government violated its neutrality by siding with the Separatist Alliance, it risked becoming an enemy of the Republic. When the InterGalactic Banking Clan began favoring the Separatists at the Republic's expense, the Republic retaliated by deploying an invasion force to occupy the planet Scipio.

Despite Mandalore's neutrality, Ahsoka Tano and Bo-Katan Kryze requested the Grand Army's support to depose the Shadow Collective that supplanted Satine Kryze's regime. Although the Jedi were concerned about becoming embroiled in the Mandalorian civil war while in the midst of the ongoing Clone Wars, especially when the world in question was still officially neutral, they authorized a division of the 501st Legion to support the Mandalore resistance in the Siege of Mandalore.

During the Clone Wars, the Republic made indirect contact with the Chiss Ascendancy through Jedi General Anakin Skywalker's encounter with Senior Captain Mitth'raw'nuruodo "Thrawn," an officer of the Chiss Expansionary Defense Fleet. Thrawn had been tasked with exploring the Outer Rim by the Ascendancy, which, having discovered a mysterious threat in the Unknown Regions, sought to assess the Galactic Republic as a potential ally. Thrawn gathered intelligence on the Clone Wars through his interaction with Skywalker, who, in turn, enlisted the Chiss officer's help in rescuing Senator Padmé Amidala. Skywalker was impressed by Thrawn during their collaboration, which he later reported to Chancellor Palpatine. Thrawn, however, was unimpressed by the Republic, considering democracy an inefficient form of government.

The Republic Defense Coalition, also known as the RDC, was organized as a small peacekeeping fleet that defended the Galactic Republic's interests during the High Republic Era. The RDC was bound together as an organization through defense treaties signed by the Republic's member worlds, including Alderaan and Chandrila. The treaties that created the RDC gave it the ability to allocate starships and personnel from the signatory worlds in times of emergency. These resources would remain under the RDC's control until the threat was neutralized, after which they would be returned to their homeworlds. The Republic also maintained formations of Republic peacekeeping troops, who were deployed to quell conflicts in Republic territory.

The fleet consisted of several starship types, such as Emissary-class cruisers, Pacifier-class sector patrol cruisers, Longbeam cruisers, and Z-28 Skywing starfighters. Despite the existence of the RDC, the Republic was at the height of an era of peace that had lasted for centuries, with neither the Hutts nor the Mandalorians posing a threat. As a result, the Emissary-class resembled a work of art, its crenellations and spires designed to be symbolic of the Republic in a state of tranquility. The RDC operated alongside the Jedi Order as well, allowing the peacekeepers to store their personalized starfighters, the Jedi Vectors, in the hangars of its Emissary-class cruisers. The Republic rescue fleet was also maintained at the time of the High Republic.

The Judicial Forces were the armed peacekeeping forces of the Galactic Republic Judicial Department. While the Jedi helped to maintain order and peace under the authority of the Galactic Senate, they were not considered a standing military. As officers of the government, Judicials had access to Consular-class space cruisers. The distinctive design and color of Republic cruisers identified them as diplomatic vessels, often used by delegates of the Galactic Senate, agents of the Supreme Chancellor, or members of the Jedi Order.

In the last decades of the Republic, the Jedi effectively supplanted the Judicial Forces as arbiters of the Senate. Judicials therefore acted in a supporting capacity, escorting Jedi ambassadors on their offworld missions.

Towards the conclusion of the Separatist Crisis, the Galactic Senate ratified the Military Creation Act, thereby establishing both the Grand Army of the Republic and the Republic Navy. Equipped with armor, weaponry, and equipment, clone troopers formed the core strength of the Republic Military. Bred specifically for unwavering loyalty and proficient combat, clones embodied the projected future of galactic conflict during the Clone Wars, a war named in honor of their vast numbers. The rigorous training they underwent transformed the clone troopers into a remarkably efficient fighting force, and their capacity for independent thought, despite their limited autonomy, distinguished them as superior to their droid adversaries. In their initial engagement against the Separatist Droid Army, the Grand Army demonstrated a degree of military capability previously unseen in galactic history.

For the most part, clones felt honored to serve as soldiers within the Galactic Republic. Although a small fraction engaged in acts of betrayal, such as deserting or conducting espionage for the Separatists, the majority remained steadfastly loyal, with numerous troopers making the ultimate sacrifice for the Republic's cause. They demonstrated loyalty to the Supreme Chancellor, as well as to the Jedi who acted as generals within the Grand Army of the Republic. A profound sense of mutual trust flourished between Jedi generals and clone commanders throughout the extended campaigns of the Clone Wars.

Several distinct categories of clone soldiers existed, setting them apart from the standard ranks. The Advanced Recon Commandos, for instance, were recognized for their exceptional skills and capacity for independent decision-making. Another specialized group was the clone commando—elite specialists trained to execute missions too complex for ordinary soldiers.

Alongside the Acclamator-class transgalactic military assault ship and other support ships, the Venator-class Star Destroyer served as the principal warship within the Republic Navy. Functioning as both a cargo transport and a troop carrier, the Venator was also designed for ship-to-ship combat. Notably, the Venator featured a spacious hangar dedicated to housing the Republic's advanced starfighters.

Throughout the war, the Republic Navy deployed a variety of vessels. Early models included the V-19 Torrent starfighter and the Clone Z-95 Headhunter. As the war neared its end, new fighters were integrated into the Navy. The Aggressive ReConnaissance-170 starfighter represented the latest advancements in starfighter technology, while the Alpha-3 Nimbus-class V-wing starfighters incorporated design enhancements from both the ARC-170 and the earlier V-19.

The Galactic Republic vested its complete confidence and trust in the Jedi Order, entrusting Jedi Knights with the responsibility of preserving peace and upholding justice across the galaxy. The Galactic Senate had been able to effectively govern the galaxy for a millennium with the Order's assistance. While the Order pledged its allegiance to the Senate, the Jedi grew increasingly skeptical of politics in the Republic's later years, viewing politicians as unreliable. Nevertheless, the Order maintained a close alliance with the Republic to fulfill its role as guardians of peace.

The Order possessed the ability to identify Force-sensitive individuals shortly after birth, provided they were born within the Republic's borders. Offering a Force-sensitive child to the Order was widely regarded as a great honor, as well as a significant personal sacrifice, by most of the Republic's population. The Order became the true family for every child brought into its fold, and Jedi doctrine forbade them from maintaining contact with their biological families. Consequently, familial attachments were relinquished in service to the Order.

Despite the Order's strength of ten thousand members at the height of the Clone Wars, their numbers proved insufficient to defend the Republic. Thus, the Jedi were compelled to lead the clone army with the objective of swiftly and decisively resolving the conflict between the Republic and the Separatists. However, with no end to the war in sight, anti-war demonstrations erupted on Coruscant, where Republic citizens denounced their leaders and the Jedi alike. Following the conclusion of the Clone Wars, Darth Sidious accused the Order of orchestrating a rebellion to overthrow the Senate and its chancellor. The Senate supported the chancellor's actions, which included the extermination of the Order and the subsequent transformation of the Republic into the Galactic Empire.

The Republic credit functioned as the currency of the Galactic Republic. However, outside Republic territory, credits held no value on frontier planets such as Tatooine.

The Republic wielded substantial economic influence, having sustained peace—with the assistance of the Jedi Knights—across the known galaxy for nearly a thousand years. This peace, in turn, fostered trade and commerce. Under the Republic's protection, Naboo and other culturally rich worlds were able to capitalize on lucrative tourism opportunities.

The business sector saw a rapid increase in wealth and power through widespread commercial activity, with large corporations investing heavily in advertising their essential services to the broader galaxy. This aggressive "brand-building" strategy generated consistent profits for large enterprises such as the Trade Federation.

The Republic's expansion into the Outer Rim Territories proved beneficial to both the galactic government and the private sector. Eleven Star Marketing, a subsidiary of the Trade Federation, collaborated closely with the Republic Ministry of Economic Development to propagandize the exploration and colonization of the Outer Rim, persuading lower-class citizens of the Inner Rim to view the galactic frontier as a potential source of wealth. This arrangement entangled Republic politicians with corporate lobbyists, both of whom profited from the flow of settlers who were required to pay tariffs and registration fees to access the Outer Rim via the Federation's hyperspace routes.

The Separatist Crisis significantly impacted the Republic's economy, with key worlds such as Serenno, Raxus, and Onderon withdrawing from the pan-galactic union. As a result, the Republic lost access to the resources and tax revenues of these Separatist worlds. Reduced tax income only exacerbated the Republic's debt, plunging the Senate into a crisis that ultimately sparked open conflict between the Republic and the Separatist Alliance.

The Clone Wars disrupted the galactic economy as the Senate exhausted its options to fund the Grand Army of the Republic while simultaneously averting bankruptcy. The government urged its citizens to purchase war bonds, employing propaganda to convince them that it was their patriotic duty to financially support the war effort. Additionally, the Republic sought to maintain its war chest by imposing higher taxes on civilian skylanes, an unprecedented measure on cosmopolitan worlds like Coruscant.

The Senate also carefully considered the need for additional clone troopers against the associated costs of generating supplemental units to replenish the Grand Army's ranks. Funding the military had virtually depleted the Republic's treasury, leading to the shutdown of some essential services that the Republic had traditionally provided to civilians residing in the lower levels of Coruscant.

Prior to the Clone Wars, the Republic had established regulations on the banking sector, but the escalating costs of the war prompted the Senate to contemplate deregulating the banks to gain access to new lines of credit. Following extensive debate, the Senate passed the Republic financial reform bill. The banks were deregulated, and the Republic submitted applications for additional loans to support the production of more clone units.

Following the Republic's invasion of Scipio, the InterGalactic Banking Clan relinquished its financial assets to the office of Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine. Consequently, the Republic gained direct control over one of the galaxy's most influential commercial organizations.

Despite the heavy toll that the Clone Wars had taken on the Republic's treasury, the Republic remained a formidable economic power in the galaxy. The Separatist Alliance, while supported by the resources of corporate magnates, was ultimately overwhelmed by the combined economic and military strength of the Republic.

The Galactic Republic invested in both aesthetics and technological advancements within the starship industry. During the Republic's era, starships were designed to be visually appealing to meet customer demand for "style and elegance" in their vessels. However, craftsmanship gradually gave way to practicality as the Republic transitioned into the Galactic Empire, resulting in a decline in sleek designs in favor of stark uniformity, mass production, and sheer size.

Cloning was a scientific process involving the "genetic duplication of an organism into one or more identical copies." While neither the Senate nor the Jedi were aware of the clone army's development before the Clone Wars, the Republic became deeply involved in the field of genetics during its conflict with the Separatists. The Kaminoans leveraged their skills to transform cloning into a lucrative business, resulting in the mass production of clone troopers numbering in the millions. Their expertise essentially perfected the art of genetic duplication. However, cloning humans remained an imperfect science that occasionally produced aberrations. Nevertheless, the Kaminoans' cloning methods enabled them to alter clones at the genetic level, making them more docile and accelerating their aging process to twice the rate of naturally born humans. They were also capable of engineering clones for the sole purpose of genetic replication, without growth acceleration or behavioral modification for increased docility.

The Clone Wars incentivized the Republic to pioneer technological innovation in spacecraft and terrestrial transportation for military applications. This resulted in a lasting legacy that profoundly impacted the science and technology sector. The Star Destroyer, the quintessential representation of modern military capital ships, originated with the development of the Republic Navy's Venator-class Star Destroyer. The X-wing starfighter evolved from the Z-95 Headhunter; the BTL Y-wing starfighter was developed during the Clone Wars and remained relevant long after the Republic's demise. The Republic developed all-terrain walkers, including the six-legged All Terrain Tactical Enforcer, in response to the Separatist Armored Assault Tank and other droid battle tanks. This, in turn, influenced the design and development of significantly larger vehicles, such as the Imperial All Terrain Armored Transport and the First Order All Terrain MegaCaliber Six, surpassing the scale of vehicles deployed by the Republic during the Clone Wars.

The Republic employed brilliant scientists, such as Doctor Sionver Boll and Doctor Nala Se, who contributed their expertise to the war effort against the Separatists. Boll developed the electro-proton bomb, an experimental explosive device capable of generating a massive burst of electromagnetic pulse energy to disable battle droids and other forms of technology. Nala Se was the leading scientist in the field of cloning; she oversaw the development of the Republic's clone army, although Boll also possessed knowledge of cloning as Chancellor Palpatine tasked her with cloning a deceased Zillo Beast.

The Republic Special Weapons Group was established to supervise the development of military technology that surpassed conventional weaponry. The group consisted of technologists such as Wilhuff Tarkin and Orson Callan Krennic; utilizing the Geonosians' schematics for a moon-sized battle station, they initiated plans to construct the ultimate weapon. Their work persisted after the fall of the Republic, and after numerous delays, the DS-1 Death Star Mobile Battle Station was brought into operation by the Empire. Both its scale and power inspired the creation of more advanced weapons with the capacity to destroy planets, from the Imperial DS-2 Death Star II Mobile Battle Station to the First Order's Starkiller Base and the axial superlaser cannons of the Final Order's Xyston-class Star Destroyers.

According to Peli Motto, a technician residing on Tatooine, technology originating from the era of the Galactic Republic was scarce by the time of the New Republic Era. Nevertheless, Motto endeavored to acquire the necessary components to rebuild a derelict N-1 starfighter for her client, the Mandalorian Din Djarin. As a starfighter from the Galactic Republic era, the N-1 was constructed using pre-Empire, handmade parts and was not manufactured by droids. One such component was a turbonic venturi power assimilator that Motto obtained from a group of Jawas.

The Galactic Republic, as a democratic union, governed the galaxy and fostered a diverse society composed of humans and various alien species. Coruscant, in particular, exemplified Republic society with its diverse population and culture, earning its reputation as the "vibrant heart" of the galaxy. As a galactic government, the Republic oversaw the lives of trillions, each with their own individual thoughts and opinions on contemporary issues. Complete consensus was unattainable, yet successful Chancellors, such as Lina Soh, demonstrated the possibility of effective, galactic governance. Soh, for instance, emphasized the advantages of collaboration to improve life for all. Others failed to achieve the same level of unity through unrealistic promises, threats, or abuses of power.

The Core Worlds, home to Coruscant, housed the most advanced systems in the Republic. Several Core planets served as capitals for galactic governments, including the Old Republic, the Empire, and the New Republic. The Core's prosperity made its worlds the wealthiest and most prestigious members of the Republic, although this also created tension between the Core and more distant regions. Those residing outside the Core often perceived "Core Worlders" as arrogant, entitled, and indifferent to the well-being and needs of other regions. A common critique of Republic politics was that the system disproportionately favored the Core Worlds, neglecting the rest of the galaxy.

Coruscant was seen as embodying the Core Worlds' reputation for extreme wealth and privilege. Beyond its unique status as the galactic capital, the entire planet was covered in a city of levels built upon levels throughout galactic history. The tallest skyscrapers extended more than five thousand levels above the planet's natural surface, and only those who could afford to reside in the upper city enjoyed the comfortable and luxurious lifestyle for which Coruscant was renowned. The disparity was such that the lower levels were notorious for widespread crime, poverty, and a lack of natural sunlight.

Republic architecture was characterized by sweeping lines. This design was prominently featured on the city-covered planet of Coruscant, although the Republic gradually adopted a brutalist or bold architectural style by the time of the Clone Wars. Introduced by military architects like Orson Krennic, this style eventually supplanted the Republic style as the dominant architectural form of the Galactic Empire.

Galactic Basic Standard was the most prevalent language in the Republic, primarily spoken by humans and the Pantorans. A heavily accented dialect of Basic, with significant differences in grammar and vocabulary, was spoken by the Gungans of Naboo. The translation of the Sith language, known as ur-Kittât, was prohibited under Galactic Republic law. Consequently, protocol droids were programmed to avoid translating the language of the Sith. Darth Sidious believed that the Republic outlawed ur-Kittât out of fear of the Sith Order and its knowledge.

The peaceful era of the Republic allowed the galaxy's inhabitants to engage in leisure activities, some of which garnered galactic recognition. The Boonta Eve Classic, despite taking place on the independent Outer Rim world of Tatooine, beyond the Republic's borders, received coverage and attention as far as the Core Worlds. In the years leading up to the Clone Wars, the Republic's twilight era became characterized by escapism, as citizens of all social classes sought entertaining distractions from their daily lives. Professional podracing circuits and other spectacles diverted public attention from the growing corruption within the Galactic Senate. Nevertheless, the general public's fascination with various forms of entertainment stemmed from an innate desire for narratives of good versus evil and situations of escalating danger.

While the Republic evolved throughout its centuries-long existence, the Jedi Order remained steadfast in its ancient traditions, effectively placing the Jedi Code at odds with a galactic society that strongly prioritized the future over the past. The inhabitants of the Core Worlds became preoccupied with notions of fame and fashion, displaying little interest in Jedi principles such as faith and tradition. The Order maintained its position in the Republic by adhering to historical precedent, serving as keepers of peace and justice. Unlike corporate entities that actively marketed their services across the galaxy, the Order exhibited little desire to promote itself through image-building. Aside from those who witnessed the Jedi's heroic acts and were awed by their Force powers, the Order and its ways remained forever enigmatic to most Republic citizens. The Jedi were viewed by the public as an order of mystics at best and, at worst, as a zealous sect of warmongers.

As a consequence of territorial expansion, the Republic developed a sense of manifest destiny. This cultural belief was cultivated by Republic propagandists who sought to instill civic pride among the populace, encouraging them to feel obligated to support the Republic's expansion from one end of the galaxy to the other. Republic patriotism surged during the Clone Wars, fueled by accompanying propaganda that promoted loyalty to the state. Patriotic messages inspired an entire generation to action; however, they were unable to enlist in the Grand Army, as its ranks were exclusively reserved for clone troopers. Nevertheless, Republic citizens felt compelled to contribute by purchasing war bonds, reporting acts of treason, and making sacrifices to support the war effort. The Republic crest, symbolizing a united galaxy under the Force, was prominently displayed on military vehicles and heraldry, appearing more frequently than before.

Despite the Republic's expansion into the Outer Rim Territories, the region remained too underdeveloped to achieve the same stability as the Core Worlds. As the galaxy's largest region, the Outer Rim exhibited significant diversity through its various planets and species. The Republic government had limited oversight over the Outer Rim due to its distance from the Core, and as a result, the Outer Rim remained known for its lawless, sparsely populated, and primitive worlds. Republic law was virtually non-existent in the Outer Rim, allowing bounty hunters, outlaws, and smugglers to operate with impunity, and slavery persisted despite the Republic's anti-slavery laws.

During the High Republic Era, Chancellor Soh sought to foster unity among the diverse species within the Republic, using the phrase "We are all the Republic" to emphasize their shared membership in the system; however, xenophobia remained a problem in a society as diverse as the Republic. While the Republic officially promoted unity among its member worlds and outlawed the enslavement of sentient species, some individuals faced racial stereotypes. Neimoidians, for instance, were often perceived as obese, duplicitous, and avaricious by some, particularly those with anti-corporate sentiments. This perception of their race stemmed from Neimoidian culture, which fostered a "survival of the fittest" mentality among Neimoidian younglings.

The Trade Federation exploited xenophobic sentiments to silence its critics, implying that those who sought to curtail the Federation's massive influence were prejudiced against its Neimoidian leaders. Similarly, the Muuns faced an image problem due to their dominance in the InterGalactic Banking Clan. In general, Muuns saw little need to cultivate relationships of stability and trust within the galaxy; they simply assumed that their role in society was to continue controlling galactic finances. Their cultural norms influenced their business practices, causing Muun-sponsored advertisements to be perceived as "distant and disconnected."

During the Clone Wars, anti-alien prejudice intensified due to the presence of non-human races within the Confederacy of Independent Systems. Vice Chancellor Mas Amedda attempted to promote the Republic's multiculturalism, noting the Republic media's focus on human citizens. Instead of reporting on Amedda's efforts to showcase the Republic's diversity, HoloNet News outlets highlighted the Vice Chancellor's self-inclusion as the sole Chagrian in an assembly of various aliens. The public criticized Amedda's message of strength and unity, viewing him as an egocentric narcissist.

The heavy reliance on battle droids by the Separatists during the Clone Wars significantly amplified the existing anti-droid sentiment among the populace. While droids had become ubiquitous in galactic life, and despite the established precedent of machines being owned by organic beings, the war solidified the perception of droids as a grave threat to biological entities. The Republic strategically exploited this feeling, employing propaganda to depict droids as merciless and perilous instruments of destruction. The idea of "droid terror" was not only associated with battlefield units like the B1-series battle droid, B2-series super battle droid, and the droideka, but also with administrative aide droids, which were considered a distinct form of "droid threat" to the security of the Republic. A growing apprehension arose among the affluent residents of the Core Worlds, who feared that personal assistant droids belonging to business figures and government officials could be compromised via spyware and exploited for Separatist espionage.

The Clone Wars also contributed to widespread anti-Jedi sentiment, despite the Jedi Order's long-standing service to the Republic. The Sith conspired to damage the bond between the Republic's citizens and the Jedi guardians, leveraging the Clone Wars to erode the Republic's confidence in the Order. Despite the Order's dedicated efforts to quickly end the conflict, many citizens came to view the Jedi as instigators of war. This view gained traction partly because the Jedi were hesitant to accept praise or embrace the celebrity associated with their position. The Order preferred to serve without engaging with the public, leading to anti-Jedi attitudes stemming from the Order's cultural detachment rather than a genuine rejection of their principles.

The Galactic Republic expanded along pioneering hyperspace routes, with the human homeworld of Coruscant serving as its capital. To enable colonists from the Core Worlds to seek opportunities and a better life in the Outer Rim, survey teams installed navigational beacons in remote areas such as the Tertiary Usaita system.

Spanning from the Core Worlds to the Outer Rim Territories, the Galactic Republic encompassed the known galaxy. The Republic's heartland, the Core Worlds, contained cosmopolitan planets like Coruscant and Hosnian Prime, as well as Alderaan, one of the Republic's oldest and most esteemed planets. Through time, the Republic's expansionist policies led to incorporating new member worlds. Naboo, a planet in the Mid Rim, was integrated into the Republic in 867 BBY.

Chancellor Orlen Mollo contemplated the paradox of Republic expansion during the High Republic Era, a period marked by the active search for new hyperspace lanes and member worlds in the Outer Rim. He observed that each new hyperlane expanded the Republic while simultaneously shrinking the galactic community, facilitating interaction between the galaxy's planets. In addition to seeking out new hyperspace routes, the Republic also focused on developing a functioning communications network in the Rim, fostering alliances, and resolving emerging conflicts. The Republic exerted most of its authority from the Core Worlds to the Mid Rim's borders, resulting in corporations engaging in legally questionable activities in regions where the Republic's influence was limited, despite efforts to integrate those worlds into the galactic community during the High Republic Era.

The Republic directed its attention to the Outer Rim, adopting an expansion policy towards the uncharted territories of the galaxy's farthest frontier, as it grappled with issues such as overpopulation and poverty among the lower classes. Political and corporate messages promoting a life of adventure and mystery lured those who lived on the congested worlds of the galactic core into deep space. This call to new horizons was evident during the High Republic Era, as courageous citizens and families from the overpopulated Core and Colonies worlds journeyed to the Outer Rim along the few well-mapped hyperspace routes. The Outer Rim, however, was also home to dangers such as the Nihil, who exploited the absence of Republic law and waged war against the Republic for venturing into their territory. The Outer Rim remained a region with limited Republic authority into the late Republic Era, despite the efforts made during the High Republic period.

Despite its opposition to secession, the Republic effectively relinquished control over the territories that formed the Separatist Alliance. The Republic's territorial boundaries shifted many times throughout the Clone Wars, with the Grand Army of the Republic both losing and reclaiming worlds. However, the Republic also gained new territory because of the war. Geonosis, the planet where the Separatist Droid Army was secretly being constructed, existed beyond the Republic's borders. After the First Battle of Geonosis, the Republic Military occupied the Geonosian homeworld, and later returned to reconquer the planet after it reverted to Separatist control. The Kaminoan government formally joined the Republic, granting Kamino—an extragalactic planet—full representation in the Galactic Senate due to its provision of the Republic's clone industry.

The "Old Republic" was the initial reference to the Galactic Republic within the new Star Wars canon, appearing in the 1977 film Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope, directed by George Lucas. The entity first appeared and was identified as the "Galactic Republic" in the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace, also directed by Lucas.