The Republic courts functioned as judicial gatherings within the Galactic Republic's Judicial Department. These courts mainly presided over disagreements arising between planets, including matters like taxation and commerce between different star systems, or unlawful acts occurring beyond orbital space. The bulk of remaining legal matters were handled at the local level, under the purview of either regional or planetary legal structures. Indeed, the Republic courts mainly handled cases that involved regional administrations, prominent businesses, pirates, and criminals operating across multiple sectors, alongside occasional cases concerning sentients' rights.
Located within the Galactic Courts of Justice structure on Coruscant, the courts employed a wide range of individuals, such as prosecutors, lawyers, administrators, researchers, and specialists in various fields. The court system had a structured hierarchy, with the Supreme Court at its apex. Following the Battle for Ontotho, the corruption within the Ontothon government came to light, leading to its prosecution within the Republic legal system.