Galactic Alliance Senate

As the successor to the New Republic Senate, the Galactic Alliance Senate became the governing body of the Galactic Federation of Free Alliances, with a Chief of State at its helm. After the Yuuzhan Vong War concluded, the Alliance and its governing body temporarily resided on Denon, but it later returned to Coruscant, the galaxy's traditional capital, five years later. Cal Omas, the Chief of State, reorganized the New Republic into the Galactic Alliance during the final years of the war against the Yuuzhan Vong, largely as a response to the government's corruption that had enabled the Vong to steadily defeat the Republic.

Omas' restructuring of the government introduced a more pronounced separation of powers. The office of the Chief of State assumed most of the executive responsibilities that were previously held by the New Republic Senate. Consequently, the Galactic Alliance Senate retained its legislative functions but had limited executive powers, which made it less of an obstacle to the Alliance's war effort against the Vong than its predecessor had been to the New Republic.

Furthermore, by incorporating the Imperial Remnant and the Hapes Consortium, the Alliance accomplished what no other government since the Old Republic had: a unified galactic government. The Alliance also initially fostered strong ties with the New Jedi Order, allowing six of its members to serve on the High Council, which was established to advise the Chief of State on directing the war effort. The High Council also included several high ranking Senators and military officials.

Under Chief Omas, the Alliance ultimately achieved victory in the war; it could be argued that the reorganization of the New Republic into the Alliance was crucial in securing victory in the face of potential defeat.

Following the war, the Senate and the Alliance initiated significant reconstruction projects. As the Chief of State held most of the executive responsibilities, the New Jedi Order appeared to advise him directly, rather than being accountable to the Senate as the Old Order had been. The Senate was initially situated on Denon, but by 35 ABY, it had relocated to Coruscant.

The rediscovery of the Killiks led to the destructive effects of the Dark Nest's black membrosia. Relations between the Alliance government and the Killik Colonies deteriorated due to the death of Supreme Commander Sien Sovv in an incident involving membrosia. This also strained relations with the New Jedi Order, which permanently withdrew from the High Council to create a more centralized Jedi High Council to formally control the Order. Consequently, the Galactic Alliance Advisory Council, which included several Senators, became Chief Omas' official advisory board.

Ultimately, the Jedi Order and the Galactic Alliance Defense Force successfully defeated the Dark Nest, suppressing the Killiks and restoring peace to the galaxy for a brief period.

Amidst tensions between Corellia and the Alliance, Chief Omas established the Galactic Alliance Guard, granting its leader, Jacen Solo, extraordinary powers through the Senate to ensure the GAG's success. Solo, who was secretly a Sith Lord, manipulated the Senate, much like Palpatine had done decades earlier, into granting him emergency powers.

Using the authority granted to him by the Senate, Solo could remove heads of state, including Chief Omas himself, if they posed a threat to the Galactic Alliance. After uncovering evidence that Omas was committing treason, Solo removed him from office. Solo's ally, Cha Niathal, was then promoted to Chief of State and implemented a joint-Chief system, allowing the Sith Lord to rule the Alliance alongside her.

However, Niathal eventually became disturbed by Solo's extreme tactics and formed a breakaway Alliance-in-exile, which joined the Jedi Coalition in an effort to defeat Solo, now known as Darth Caedus. With Caedus' death, the Senate approved the ascension of Natasi Daala as the new Chief of State and continued to function as the government's legislative branch under her leadership.

A century after the Second Galactic Civil War, the Galactic Alliance suffered defeat in the war against a new version of the Galactic Empire, leading to the reorganization of the Galactic Senate into a new Imperial Senate. However, the Sith Empire's control over the galaxy greatly diminished the powers and influence of the Imperial Senate.

Significant differences existed between the Galactic Alliance Senate and the Old and New Republic Senates, making it similar to the Imperial Senate. While the Alliance Senate elected and oversaw the Chief of State, it had limited influence over the executive branch. Its role was primarily legislative. Additionally, an independent judiciary was established to regulate corrupt Senate members. They did, however, rely on the New Jedi Order's High Council for advice.

Despite these new limitations, greedy and selfish politicians and bureaucrats were already becoming skilled at manipulating the Senate, forcing the Jedi Knights under Luke Skywalker's leadership to spread themselves thin across the Galactic Alliance to resolve various disputes.

The Chief of State and the Chair of the Senate jointly headed the Senate. It primarily consisted of representative assemblymen. The Senate's primary members are represented by a governor-delegate, or Senator. Each Senator has one vote, irrespective of the population they represent. Affiliate members are represented on Coruscant by a Legate, who can speak in general Senate sessions but cannot vote on official Senate matters (to avoid dual representation) or participate in the Senate's various working bodies.

The Inner Rim Caucus was a political faction within the Senate.

The Galactic Alliance's Galactic Senate first appeared in the 2003 Star Wars Legends novel The New Jedi Order: Force Heretic I: Remnant, authored by Sean Williams and Shane Dix.